华图考研网同步安徽华图教育发布考试信息:考研英语翻译能技巧解析(五)。更多关于考研,考研备考,考研备考资料的信息的内容,请关注华图考研网。
考研英语翻译能技巧解析
QW安徽考研01
考研英语中的翻译一直是考生认为性价比低的考点之一,尽管在复习前期投注诸多心血,但是往往却只能收获很低的分。对于这种难度系数较的考察方式,解题技巧能够在很大程度上帮助你快速审题并解题。小编整理了考研英语翻译能技巧解析,跟随小编一起来看看吧!
10. Then, down the crowed thoroughfare comes the University of Cambridge’s most distinctive vehicle, bearing its most distinguished citizen.
分析:正常语序应为:The vehicle came down the thoroughfare。为使语言生动形象,文学作品中常用这类倒装。在翻译时要尽量翻译出原句的语言效果。这里bear=carry。
译文:从拥挤的街道上驶来了一辆剑桥大学有特色的车,车上坐着学校著名的人物。
•被分割定语从句
通常,定语从句紧跟在先行词之后,但在具体的运用中,往往也出现有定语从句与先行词被分隔的现象。本文就定语从句与先行词分隔的种种情况、分隔的原因及其汉译进行探讨。
一、定语从句与先行词分隔的形式
1.被谓语分隔,例如:
Many forms of apparatus have been devised by which a more ac- curate knowledge of blood pressure can be obtained.人们已经设计出许多医疗器械,这些医疗器械,可以对血压有一个更为精确的了解。
Hardly a man came to the exhibition but was deeply impressed by the originality of his works.来参观的人几乎无一不对他的作品的创造性留下深刻印象。
2.被非从句定语分隔,例如:
Singapore is at the start of a long road,already well trodden in the west,that leads to such solutions as shelter and rest homes.新加坡眼下正踏上一条西方国家早已走了很远的漫长道路,即终建立收容所和休养院来解决问题。
Does this mean that in time fish might learn to leave alone all food on hooks that they have seen before?这难道不就意味着,鱼儿很快就可能学会避开那些它们常见的鱼钩上的食物吗?
3.被状语分隔,例如:
Never say anything behind a person's back that you wouldn't say to his face.当面不愿说的话,千万不要在背后说。
I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair factory whose job was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result.我记得曾在一家椅子厂见过六个工人,他们的工作是将几根钢管弯曲并组成一把折椅。
4.被补语分隔,例如:
The cook turned pale,and asked the housem aid to shut the door,who asked Brittles,who asked the tinker,who pretended not to hear.厨子的脸色变得苍白,要女仆把门关上,女仆叫布立特尔关,布立特尔又叫补锅匠关,而补锅匠装着没听见。
5.被同位语分隔,例如:
One was a violent thunderstorm ,the worst I had ever seen,which obscured my objective.有一次是暴风骤雨,猛烈的程度实为我平生所仅见。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。
二、定语从句与先行词分隔的原因
1.为了保持句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,将定语从句与先行词分隔,例如:
Mr.Leon said in the future,computer would be developed which would be small enough to carry in the pocket.利昂先生说,将来会生产出小得可以放在口袋里的计算机。
2.为了突出或强调主句中的主谓结构所表达的意义,将定语从句与先行词分隔,例如:
Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries,who will negotiate trade agreem ents with the respective govern-
ments.中国已派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国,以便与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定。
The day is not far off when a lot of housework can be done by machine.大量家务活由机器来干的日子不远了。
3.先行词所带的非从句定语常需置于定语从句之前而造成先行词与定语从句分隔,例如:
There was som ething original,independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them .这个方案有创造性,而且别出心裁,又有魅力,所以深得他们的喜欢。
三、与先行词分隔的定语从句的汉译
1.将定语从句译为汉语“的”字结构,置于先行词之前,例如:
Yet there exist com plex computations in science and engineer-ing which people are unable to make.到目前为止,在科学和工程方面还存在许多人们无能为力的复杂计算。
He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the twentieth-century m entality.他盘接受这一理论,只是因为这一理论中有一种迎合二十世纪心理的东西。
I think it is clear that each side entertainssuspicions of the other which are unjust.我认为双方显然相互怀着没有正当理由的猜疑。
2.将定语从句单译为一个分句,例如:
There is som ebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你,我想这个人可能就是你家乡的一位朋友。
The molecules exert forces upon each other,which depend upon the distance between them .分子相互之间存在着力的作用,该力的大小取决于它们的距离。
The result of this is the retention of too much air in the respiratory tract at each expiration which prevents the fresh air from being taken in at the next inhalation from reaching the lung alveoli.
其结果就是在每次呼气时呼吸道里保留过多的空气,这样就在下次吸气时妨碍吸入的新鲜空气抵达肺泡里。
3.将定语从句与先行词溶合译出,例如:
He is a wise man who speaks little.智者言少。
•6类常用词
1.名词:It is the two superpowers that should be responsible for the hostilities in the Middle East.应对中东战争(×敌对状态)负责的是两个超级大国。
有一些名词,特别是抽象名词的单数变成复数后,意义是不一样的。“hostility单数作“enmity,“ill will“敌意”“敌视”解,但“hostilities复数作“war战争”解。
2.动词:They were obviously quite impressed by the arguments that the Chinese were advancing.他们对中国人提出的(×正在前进)这种论点显然颇为赞同。
to advance作不及物动词用是“come or go forward“前进”,在这里作及物动词用是“put forward“提出”,宾语是arguments,应译为“提出论点”,that the Chinese were advancing是arguments的定语从句,而不是它的同位语从句。
3.副词:The basketball team was organized two years ago and it has yet to win a single game.这个篮球队两年前成立,还没赢过(×还得赢)一次比赛。
这里yet与不定式连用,含有“到目前为止还没有做某事”的意义。
虚词虽没有实际意义,在句中不能立担任任何成分,可是由于误解虚词而引起的误译却也不少。
4.连词:And I do not know whether the sun will rot or dry what is left,so I had better eat it all although I am not hungry.
×我不知道太阳会不会把剩下的鱼给晒坏了,晒干了,所以倒不如把它统统吃下去,虽然我现在不饿。
or的选择意义没有译出来,成了并列意义,给人造成错觉,好像晒干了同晒坏了一样也是坏事,其实晒干了是好事。这句话应译成:
我不知道太阳会把剩下的鱼是晒坏了还是晒干了,……。
5.虚词not和其他词连用:(1)All that glitters is not gold.闪光的并非都是(×都不是)金子。
all和not连用表示部分否定。
(2)Let me know if this work is not excellent.告诉我这工作是否做得很(×不)出色。
not在这里是多余否定。它的存在与否,既不影响句子的意义,也不影响句子的结构,翻译时应省略不译。
6.词义的确定是困难的事。有时英语一个词属于几个词类,在句中起不同的作用,具有不同的意义,而人们往往习惯于从它们通常所属的词类去确定词义,结果词类判断不对,词义也就选择不对。
(1)Stevens watched him turn down the glaring lamp,still its jangling pendants.
×史蒂文斯看着他把耀眼的灯放下来,又把发出刺耳响声的垂饰也放下来。
史蒂文斯看着他把耀眼的灯扭小,把发出刺耳响声的垂饰扶稳。
still这里不作副词“仍然”“还”讲,而作动词“使静止不动”讲。turn down是扭小,不是放下。
英语拥有大量的多义词,而且它们多半是常用词,有时一个词条往往可以举出几种乃至几十种意义。绝大多数情况下,一个词脱离了上下文是
不能翻译的。一个词的意义是它在语言中的应用。我们要它和其他词的搭配以及上下文做出选择,单凭自己所记得的常用的意义去译,就不免要出错。
•并列平行结构
英语常用并列连词,如and, but, so, yet, for, nor, or, not only…but also, either…or或 neither…nor等连接两个或几个同等成分,这种结构称为并列结构。连接的同等成分可以是两个或几个动词的宾语、两个或几个名词的定语、两个或几个介词短语等。如果并列连词连接的是两个或几个简单句,则构成一个并列句,使用并列结构可以使文字简洁,结构紧凑,并避免重复。
1. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women.
分析:句中由by引导的三个并列平行结构表示原因。treated as…结构使用了倒装结构,因为the family roles后面有修饰成分,故将其置后。
译文:而个人主义的方法由于攻击性别角色,否定生理差别的重要性,攻击现存的家庭体制是不可救药的父权制,结果把对许多妇女来说非常重要的家庭角色完视为无关紧要了。
2. There is no complete inventory of positions or people in federal service at this level. The lack may be explained by separate agency statutes and personnel systems, diffusion among so many special services, and the absence of any central point (short of President himself) with jurisdiction over all upper-level personnel of the government.
分析:介词by 后面的separate…personnel systems, diffusion…special services和the absence of…the government为三个并列成分。表示缺少详细记载的原因。句中一些词要转译。
译文:这个级别的联邦政府官员和职位没有完整的记载。对此(缺少详细记载)所做的解释可能是,各部门的条例和人事制度各不相同,分布的特殊服务部门太多并缺少一个中心机构(总统本人除外)来管理所有的政府级官员。
3. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell.
分析:动词consider 后面的宾语是the wants of the customer。 非限定性定语从句who must buy… 修饰the customer,not the thing …but the thing…是并列成分。
4. The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress.
分析:该句中,to aid in 后面跟了四个并列的动名词,而四个并列的动名词后又跟了三个并列的宾语。
译文:广泛用来借以对学生、雇员和军事人员进行选拔、分类、分配任务或提拔的教育或心理方面的标准化测试,近受到了书报杂志,甚至国会的抨击。
华图考研网同步安徽华图教育发布考试信息:考研英语翻译能技巧解析(五)。更多关于考研,考研备考,考研备考资料的信息的内容,请关注华图考研网。
(编辑:常远)