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“The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.” If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog to global climate change, from the felling (砍伐) of forest to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.
After all, the world’s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or in 1950 or in 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic, and dangerous.
But they don’t. The reasons why they don’t, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today’s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable.
Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards.
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign(良性的)trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.
打开资料106 、 (单选题) According to the author, most students ( )。
A.believe the world`s environment is not as it is thought to be
B.think the world`s environment is in an undesirable condition
C.are not worried about the state of the world`s environment
D.have deep knowledge about environment
正确答案：B
解析根据文中第一段“The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.” If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: …Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement.可知作者认为与大多数学生的做法以及对环境的看法相比，那些认同“当前全球环境前所未有的健康”这句话的学生应当得高分。选项A：相信全球环境和人们所认为的并不一样;选项B：认为全球现在处在不利的生态环境中;选项C：对全球环境的状况一点都不担心;选项D：对环境有更深层次的思考。结合第一段表达可知作者认为大多数学生都认为当前全球环境是非常糟糕的，故正确答案是选项B。
107 、 (单选题) The huge increase in world population and production ( )。
A.has made the world a worse place to live in
B.has had a positive influence on the environment
C.has made the world an unpleasant place to live in
D.has not greatly affected the environment
正确答案：D
解析根据world population定位至第二段the world’s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected…if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900…the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place...以及第三段The reasons why they don’t, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation...可知环境的恶化和人口数量以及生产量没有必然关系。题干询问：全球人口数量和生产量的剧增会带来怎样的后果?选项A：会让世界变成更糟糕的居住地，表达无关;选项B：对环境产生积极的影响，无中生有;选项C：会让世界变成一个讨厌之地，表达无关;选项D：不会对环境产生太大的影响，表达符合文意。故正确答案是选项D。
108 、 (单选题) One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that ( )。
A.technological innovation emerge
B.consumption will drop
C.new sources are always becoming available
D.new farming and crop technology can lead to overproduction
正确答案：C
解析根据long-term trend of prices has been downwards定位至第四段The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate…when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards.可知长期价格下降的原因在于经常会找到新供给来源。选项A：科技创新出现;选项B：消费下降;选项C：经常会找到可替代来源;选项D：全新农作物科技带来的生产过剩。根据第四段可知正确答案是选项C。
109 、 (单选题) According to the author, why fish resources are diminishing?( )
A.Because no new substitutes can be found available.
B.Because water pollution causes serious problems.
C.Because they are not owned by any particular entity.
D.Because fishing method is not sustainable.
正确答案：C
解析根据关键词fish定位至最后一段Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.可知作者只是以“鱼”为例说明“如果人们不拥有关心的资源，人们对保护或者养殖也不感兴趣，市场是无法一直保持环境的健康。”题干问：为什么鱼类资源在减少?选项A：因为没有找到新替代品;选项B：因为水污染引起的严重问题，无中生有;选项C：因为鱼类资源不被任何实体拥有;选项D：因为捕鱼方式不可持续，无中生有。结合段落内容可知正确答案是选项C。
110 、 (单选题) According to the author, the primary solution to environmental problems is ( )。
A.to allow market forces to operate properly
B.to curb consumption of natural resources
C.to limit the growth of world population
D.to avoid price fluctuations
正确答案：A
解析根据文段最后It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign(良性的) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise可知在作者看来解决环境保护问题最基本途径在于市场。选项A：允许市场力量适当运作;选项B：抑制消费自然资源;选项C：限制人口增长;选项D：避免价格波动。故正确答案是选项A。
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