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英语
Passage1
Up to 80 percent of the world’s middle classes will live in developing countries by 2030 thanks to surprising recent gains in poverty reduction, according to a United Nation report published on Thursday.
“Never in history have the living conditions and prospects of so many people changed so dramatically and so fast,”concludes the UN’s latest Development Report. “The world is witnessing an epochal ‘global rebalancing’.”
Underpinning the improvements in the human development index (HDI) was rapid growth in countries such as China, India and Brazil, with China and India having doubled per capita economic output in less than 20 years. But the study stressed that growth and improvements in HDI spread far beyond the four Bric countries of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and included at least 40 countries that had accompanied greater economic dynamism with effective poverty-reduction policies.
Afghanistan, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Angola were among 14 countries that have recorded gains in HDI of more than 2 percent a year since 2000. Party as a result, the report found that worldwide extreme income poverty has plunged from 43 percent in 1990 to just 22 percent in 2008, including more than 500m being lifted out of poverty in China alone. The report stated that such gains had already helped the world achieve the main poverty eradication goal of the so-called Millennium Development Goals, which called for the share of people living on less than $1.25 a day to be cut by half from 1990 to 2015.
Underpinning this poverty reduction was developing countries’ increasing share of global trade, which grew from 25 percent to 47 percent between 1980 and 2010. “The south as a whole is driving global economic growth and social change for the first time in countries.” says the report.
The report found that trade among developing countries was the biggest factor in that expansion, increasing from less than 10 percent of total global trade to more than 30 percent. “Trade between countries in the south will overtake that between developed nations.” the report said.
1.Why does the author mention “an epochal ‘global rebalancing’”? ( )
A. To explain the recent achievement of poverty reduction
B. To conclude that the world has changed so dramatically
C. To criticize developed countries
D. To predict that things can be better
【答案】B。细节题。根据题干关键词“an epochal global rebalancing”定位到原文原文第二段的最后一行，前文作者提到“never in history have ...so many people changed so dramatically and fast，因此是用来解释这句话的，因此答案选B。A项：“为了阐明最近减贫获得的成就”，该段前文并没有谈到poverty reduction这一主体词，与此无关，排除;C项：“为了批评发达国家”，无中生有，原文并没有指责发达国家的言辞，排除;D项：“为了预测事情会变得更好”，原文并没有提到“预测”一事，排除;故答案选B。
2.The word “underpinning” in the passage refers to ( ).
A. blocking
B. undergoing
C. supporting
D. stressing
【答案】C。猜词题。根据题干中的underpin，可定位到原文第三段的首行，根据语境，“( )人类发展指数上升的是……”，C项“support(支撑)”更符合题意，因此答案选C。A项：block作为动词，意为“阻止、堵塞、限制”;B项：历经、承受;D项：强调。只有C项符合原文语境，因此答案选C。
3.“More than 500m being lifted out of poverty in China alone” illustrates ( ).
A. the economic development of China is important
B. the role of some developing countries is significant for poverty reduction
C. 14 countries are developing faster than China
it is crucial to make a clear goal first
【答案】B。细节题。根据题干“500m”定位到原文第四段的第三行，题干问的是这句话“主要用来论证……”，前文主要谈的是一些发展中国家对世界脱贫做出的贡献，因此答案选B。A项：“中国经济的发展非常重要”，原文列举中国只是为了论证前面的观点，此处“中国”只是个例子，并非真的谈论“中国很重要”，排除;C项：“14国发展得比中国快”，无中生有，排除;D项：首先定好一个清晰的目标非常重要”，无中生有，排除;故答案选B。
4.All of the following are factors for poverty reduction except ( ).
A. greater economic dynamism
B. aid from developed countries
C. changes of developing countries
D. trade among developing
【答案】B。是非题。B项“来自发达国家的援助”，原文并没有提到，ACD在原文中都出现过。A项可对应原文第三段的倒数第二行included at least 40 countries that had accompanied greater economic dynamism with effective poverty-reduction policies;C项可对应到原文第五段的首句;D项可对应到原文的最后一段;只有B项没有提到，因此答案选B。
5.The passage mainly ( )
A. discuss why developing countries are playing major role
B. illustrate a theory for poverty reduction
C. explain reasons behind a report
D. interpret the role of trade for developing countries
【答案】C。主旨题。整个文段都是在分析一篇报导，即发展中国家脱贫迅速，并分析了几大原因，因此答案选C。A项：“讨论发展中国家起重要作用的原因”，原文只是解释了发展中国家在脱贫方面起重大作用的原因，偷换概念，排除;B项：“阐明脱贫理论”，“理论”原文没有提及，排除;D项：“诠释发展中国家贸易角色”，“贸易”只是原文一部分内容，不能概括全文;故答案选C。
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